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Showing posts from September, 2023

Tempo Markings in Music: A Guide to Musical Speed and Emotion

Music is a universal language that communicates emotions, stories, and moods. One of the crucial elements shaping the character of a musical piece is its tempo, the speed at which it is played. Tempo markings, often expressed in Italian, provide musicians with precise instructions on how fast or slow a composition should be performed. In this guide, we’ll explore some of the most common tempo markings and their associated beats per minute (BPM) ranges. Tempo Markings and BPM Ranges Tempo Name Pronunciation (English/Italian) Description Approximate BPM Larghissimo en:/ˌlɑːrˈdʒɪsɪmoʊ/, it:/larˈdʒissimo/ Very, very slow Under 20 BPM Grave en:/ɡrɑːv/, it:/ˈɡrave/ Very slow and solemn 20-40 BPM Largo en:/ˈlɑrɡoʊ/, it:/ˈlarɡo/ Very slow and broad 40-60 BPM Lento en:/ˈlɛntoʊ/, it:/ˈlento/ Slowly 45-60 BPM Larghetto en:/lɑːrˈɡɛtoʊ/, it:/larˈɡetto/ A little faster than Largo 60-66 BPM Adagio en:/əˈdɑːdʒioʊ/, it:/aˈdaːdʒo/ Slow and ...
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Cheat Sheet for SQL Functions

SQL Functions SQL supports a variety of built-in functions that can be categorized into several groups based on their purposes. Here’s a list of commonly used SQL functions, organized by category: Aggregate Functions SUM() : Calculates the sum of values in a column. AVG() : Calculates the average value in a column. COUNT() : Counts the number of rows or non-null values in a column. MAX() : Returns the maximum value in a column. MIN() : Returns the minimum value in a column. GROUP_CONCAT() (MySQL, SQLite) or STRING_AGG() (SQL Server): Concatenates values into a single string within a group. ARRAY_AGG() (PostgreSQL): Aggregates values into an array within a group. Math Functions + , - , * , / , % : Arithmetic operators. DIV : Integer division 5 DIV 2 . ABS() : Returns the absolute value of a number. ROUND() : Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places. CEIL() or CEILING() : Rounds a number up to the nearest integer. FLOOR() : Rounds...
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How to Choose the Right Open Source Software: A Comprehensive Guide

How to Choice the Right Software Choosing the right open source software for your project or business is a critical decision that can greatly impact your success. With the abundance of software options available, it can be overwhelming to make the right choice. In this guide, we’ll walk you through essential factors to consider when selecting software, ensuring that you make an informed decision that aligns with your needs and goals. Check the Pulse of Open Source Softwares When it comes to open source software, it’s crucial to stay up-to-date with its development. The frequency of commits on GitHub is a strong indicator of the software’s vitality. If you notice that the project has been abandoned or the commit frequency has dwindled significantly, it’s a red flag. Abandoned projects may lack critical updates and support, so it’s best to steer clear of them. Additionally, pay attention to how promptly issues are addressed and whether bugs are fixed in a timely ma...
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Slang Terms About Money

Term Meaning Example Buck $1 “It costs 20 bucks.” K $1,000 “He makes 100K a year.” Dime $10 (or a tenth of a dollar) “I spent a dime on snacks.” Bill $100 “That’s a couple of bills.” C-note $100 “He handed me a C-note.” Benjamin $100 “I got paid in Benjamins.” Stack/Rack $1,000 “He dropped 5 racks on a new car.” G $1,000 “The job pays 50G a year.” Grand $1,000 “The car costs 20 grand.” Green Money in general “He’s got a lot of green.” Cheddar/Dough/Bread Money in general “Making bread is important.” Smackers/Clams/Bones Dollars (old-fashioned) “It cost me 50 smackers.”
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Workaround for macOS Dictionary All Tab Issue

After installing custom dictionaries on macOS, you may encounter an issue where the All tab in the built-in Dictionary app does not display correctly. The main problem is that the CFBundleIdentifier key in the Info.plist file of the custom dictionaries is either missing or not unique. Here’s a step-by-step workaround I found to resolve the issue: Steps to Fix the Issue: Locate the ~/Library/Dictionaries directory. To do this, open Finder, press Cmd + Shift + G , and enter ~/Library/Dictionaries (the Library folder is hidden by default). Inside the Dictionaries folder, you will find a list of .dictionary files, which represent the custom dictionaries you have installed. To fix the issue, check the Info.plist file of each dictionary. Navigate to the .dictionary folder, then go to the Contents subfolder, where you will find the Info.plist file. Open the Info.plist file using a text editor or a plist editor. Look for the CFBundleIdentifier key in the ...
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Mathematical Objects

A cheat sheet for mathematical objects and structures, useful for quick reference. Foundations of Sets and Relations Set A collection of distinct objects, often written as X = { x ∣ P ( x ) } X = \{x \mid P(x)\} X = { x ∣ P ( x )} , where P ( x ) P(x) P ( x ) is a property. No additional structure. Map / Function A mapping f : X → Y f: X \to Y f : X → Y assigns each x ∈ X x \in X x ∈ X to a unique y ∈ Y y \in Y y ∈ Y . Relation A subset R ⊆ X × X R \subseteq X \times X R ⊆ X × X , such as equivalence relations or partial orders. Basic Algebraic Structures Semigroup A set S S S with a binary operation ⋅ : S × S → S \cdot: S \times S \to S ⋅ : S × S → S such that: Associativity: For all a , b , c ∈ S a, b, c \in S a , b , c ∈ S , ( a ⋅ b ) ⋅ c = a ⋅ ( b ⋅ c ) (a \cdot b) \cdot c = a \cdot (b \cdot c) ( a ⋅ b ) ⋅ c = a ⋅ ( b ⋅ c ) . Monoid A semigroup with an identity element e ∈ M e \in M e ∈ M , satisfying: Identity: a ⋅ e = e ⋅ a = a ...
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Essential Utilities for LaTeX Package and Class Development

Developing LaTeX packages or classes is not a common task for most users, who typically rely on pre-existing packages. According to the CTAN: Comprehensive TeX Archive Network , there are only 3,040 TeX developers worldwide (as of February 2025). As a result, online resources for LaTeX package and class development are relatively scarce. From my perspective, there isn’t currently a comprehensive guide to the utility commands essential for package development. So, I’ve compiled this blog post, gathering a set of useful commands and packages I’ve discovered or developed through experience. I hope it proves helpful for anyone who is developing—or planning to develop—LaTeX packages or classes. This post also serves as a personal reference for me to revisit the next time I work on a package. This post will be a dynamic document, and I’ll update it as I discover new commands. If you have any useful commands that I haven’t mentioned, please feel free to share them in the ...
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Train PyTorch with Checkpoints

Training a PyTorch model with checkpoints is an important technique to ensure that the model is saved periodically during the training process. This helps to avoid losing all of the progress made during the training if there is a power failure, hardware failure or any other unexpected problem. To train a PyTorch model with checkpoints, you can follow these steps: Import the necessary libraries and packages. import torch import torch . nn as nn import torch . optim as optim from torch . utils . data import DataLoader Define your model architecture. class MyModel ( nn . Module ) : def __init__ ( self ) : super ( MyModel , self ) . __init__ ( ) self . fc1 = nn . Linear ( 784 , 128 ) self . fc2 = nn . Linear ( 128 , 64 ) self . fc3 = nn . Linear ( 64 , 10 ) def forward ( self , x ) : x = x . view ( x . size ( 0 ) , - 1 ) x = self . fc1 ( x ) x = nn . functional . relu ...
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